Student Projects

Student projects at IFD are usually closely related to current research projects and are supervised by our doctoral students, lecturers and professors. Some projects are conducted in collaboration with academic and industrial partners.

The Process

At IFD we try to assign the projects according to the students' preferences. To make sure that you get the project of your choice, it is best to contact us as soon as possible and preferably a few weeks before the semester starts. For a list of available projects, see the list below.

On the first Friday of each semester, IFD organizes an information event for students who are starting a project at IFD. The event is a great opportunity to meet other students, IFD faculty members, and supervisors. Moreover, detailed information about how student projects are conducted at IFD is given (Download student project guidelines (PDF, 3.3 MB)). Specifics about the event are provided by student supervisors.

Presentations of Bachelor, semester and CSE seminar thesis projects usually take place during the last week of the semester in the room ML H 51 ("Treibhaus"). Master thesis presentation dates are setup individually depending on the corresponding starting dates. Selected posters of projects are showcased on the H-floor of the ML building (poster templates for Download LaTeX (ZIP, 551 KB) and Download MS Word (DOCX, 353 KB) are available).

Available Projects

AI-Assisted Control of Turbulent Flow

Group Coletti

We invite motivated students to work on an innovative project that combines experimental fluid dynamics and artificial intelligence to study and control quasi-two-dimensional (Q2D) turbulence. The project builds upon our newly constructed electromagnetically controlled experimental system, designed to explore complex and controllable flow patterns.

Keywords

experimental fluid dynamics, particle-laden turbulence, machine learning, flow control, PIV, PTV

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Semester Project , Master Thesis , ETH Zurich (ETHZ)

Description

Central to our experimental approach is a sophisticated flow tray, engineered to create and control 2D turbulent flows using the Lorenz force. This force is generated by running direct current (DC) through a shallow, conductive layer of fluid, in presence of magnetic fields applied by 100 individually controllable electromagnets. This setup provides a unique and dynamic platform for detailed study and manipulation of fluid flow patterns and particle interactions. One objective of this project is to develop an automated imaging system that enables systematic and high-resolution acquisition of flow data to be used for Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and Particle Tracking Velocimetry (PTV) techniques. This automated setup will facilitate the generation of a large-scale dataset linking input magnetic field configurations to resulting flow patterns. With this extensive dataset, the ultimate goal is to apply modern AI-assisted approaches to obtain specific outcomes: in particular, to direct floating particles in prescribed locations. By leveraging machine learning techniques, we aim to identify coherent flow structures, uncover energy transfer mechanisms, and predict/control flow behavior under various forcing conditions. This project provides an exciting opportunity to explore how data-driven analysis can yield deeper insights into turbulence physics and inspire novel flow control strategies. Participation in this project will encourage the student to gain hands-on experience in designing and conducting fluid dynamics experiments at the forefront of current research. They will develop expertise in critical techniques such as high-speed imaging, PTV, PIV, and AI-assisted analysis. The project also offers an opportunity to learn advanced image processing skills, valuable in both academic and industrial contexts. Furthermore, the student will acquire a comprehensive understanding of two-dimensional turbulence and particle-laden flow dynamics, enhancing their ability to analyze complex data sets and draw meaningful conclusions. The project will be supervised by Dr. Seunghwan Shin with Prof. Dr. Filippo Coletti (Institute of Fluid Dynamics, ETH Zurich). Experimental works will be conducted within the Institute of Fluid Dynamics, in the Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering (MAVT).

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Published since: 2024-12-18 , Earliest start: 2025-01-13 , Latest end: 2025-05-31

Organization Group Coletti

Hosts Shin Seunghwan

Topics Engineering and Technology

Ultrasound-driven dynamics of confined microbubbles in capillary-scale hydrogel microchannel networks

Group Supponen

Coated microbubbles are commercially available and clinically approved ultrasound contrast agents used in ultrasound imaging to enhance imaging contrast when injected systemically, thereby improving diagnostic capabilities. Recently, microbubbles have been proposed as therapeutic agents for targeted drug delivery. In order to reliably characterise these agents, suitable in vitro phantoms that mimic the mechanical properties of vascular networks are required to study the dynamics of microbubbles in a confined environment.

Keywords

Microbubble, bubble dynamics, microchannels, hydrogels

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Master Thesis , ETH Zurich (ETHZ)

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Published since: 2024-12-16 , Earliest start: 2025-03-02 , Latest end: 2025-09-01

Applications limited to ETH Zurich

Organization Group Supponen

Hosts Guerriero Giulia

Topics Engineering and Technology

Development of a ray tracing algorithm for light distortion correction

Group Supponen

When optical imaging is used for multiphase fluid dynamics experiments, the presence of multiple interfaces can deflect light rays passing through the test volume, thus creating a distorted image on the camera sensor. To correctly extract quantitative data, a numerical simulation of the test case of interest can be performed and then validated by synthetically recreating the distortion effects and comparing the result with the experimental image. Ray tracing algorithms, widely used in the videogame industry for they computational efficiency, are one of the common choices to perform this task.

Keywords

experimental fluid dynamics, shock wave, optical distortion, ray tracing

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Semester Project , ETH Zurich (ETHZ)

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Published since: 2024-12-16 , Earliest start: 2025-02-01 , Latest end: 2025-06-30

Organization Group Supponen

Hosts Fiorini Samuele

Topics Mathematical Sciences , Information, Computing and Communication Sciences , Engineering and Technology , Physics

Design and development of a diffusion cell for sonophoresis treatment

Group Supponen

Sonophoresis is the physical method of using low frequency ultrasound to increase skin permeability for transdermal drug delivery. Although acoustic cavitation in the coupling medium placed on the skin for ultrasound transmission has been identified as the primary mechanical effect responsible for the increase in skin permeability after low frequency ultrasound treatment, the complex interplay between physical and biological processes is still unclear. Franz diffusion cells are a commercially available platform for performing in vitro skin permeation and drug release studies. They consist of two compartments, the donor and the receptor. The receptor compartment contains the dissolution medium, and the donor part contains the drug formulation. The skin model is placed between the receptor and donor compartment and acts as a barrier. The application of low frequency ultrasound in the donor compartment of the Franz diffusion cell is limited by the size of the donor compartment itself, but more importantly its geometry does not allow lateral optical access to the skin surface to study cavitation bubble dynamics using high speed imaging, limiting the study of cavitation bubble-tissue interactions.

Keywords

Sonophoresis, diffusion cell, drug delivery, cavitation

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Bachelor Thesis , ETH Zurich (ETHZ)

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Published since: 2024-12-16 , Earliest start: 2025-03-02 , Latest end: 2025-06-30

Applications limited to ETH Zurich

Organization Group Supponen

Hosts Guerriero Giulia

Topics Engineering and Technology

Theoretical and numerical modeling of High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) transducers

Group Supponen

High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) transducers are widely used in ultrasound-based therapies such as targeted drug delivery, lithotripsy and histotripsy. Predicting the pressure field generated by their interaction with obstacles is of paramount importance both for research and applications. A numerical approach can be adopted to create a model that can be used as an acoustic source in subsequent calculations.

Keywords

Acoustics, HIFU transducers, numerical simulation, pressure measurements

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Semester Project , ETH Zurich (ETHZ)

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Published since: 2024-12-16 , Earliest start: 2025-02-01 , Latest end: 2025-06-30

Organization Group Supponen

Hosts Fiorini Samuele

Topics Mathematical Sciences , Engineering and Technology , Physics

Modeling cavitation bubble dynamics inside a droplet influenced by acoustic driving

Group Supponen

Cavitation bubble dynamics confined within droplets is a crucial aspect to evaluate their applicability in several biomedical applications. The goal of this project involves adapting an existing boundary integral method (BIM) interface to simulate the dynamics of an acoustically-activated bubble confined in a droplet.

Keywords

Bubble dynamics, Boundary Integral Method, Acoustic activation

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Semester Project , Bachelor Thesis

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Published since: 2024-12-13 , Earliest start: 2025-02-03 , Latest end: 2025-06-30

Applications limited to ETH Zurich

Organization Group Supponen

Hosts Anunay Anunay

Topics Engineering and Technology

Prediction of the acoustic field generated by a single oscillating bubble

Group Supponen

Ultrasonically driven microbubbles can produce cyclic jets driven by interfacial instabilities that can result in cellular drug uptake in targeted drug delivery. In this project, the student will develop a model to predict the acoustic signals produced by these jets.

Keywords

Acoustics, bubbles, finite element methods

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Semester Project , Bachelor Thesis , Master Thesis

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Published since: 2024-12-13 , Earliest start: 2025-02-01 , Latest end: 2025-12-31

Organization Group Supponen

Hosts Supponen Outi

Topics Engineering and Technology

Bubbles in turbulence: PIV-PTV measurements of bubble and carrier-fluid velocity

Group Coletti

Bubbles are entrained under the ocean surface when waves break at sea. While submerged, they enhance the transfer of gases between the atmosphere and ocean. When they rise back to the surface, they eventually burst, ejecting small aerosol particles into the atmosphere which impact mass, momentum, and energy transfer and serve as condensation nuclei for clouds. Understanding the bubbles' dynamics in the turbulent environment beneath the surface is important to modelling their eventual effects on these processes. This project will consider the dynamics of bubbles in a turbulent flow and will focus on the dynamics of small bubbles (whose rise velocities in quiescence are on the order of, or are smaller than, the typical turbulent velocities). Particularly, questions to address include: - How does the turbulence impact the bubbles’ average rising velocity? - How do bubbles preferentially sample the turbulent flow? - Which mechanisms of rise speed modification (non-linear drag, fast-tracking, loitering, etc.) are significant at different conditions?

Keywords

bubbles, turbulence, multiphase flows, fluid dynamics, particle image velocimetry, particle tracking

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Master Thesis

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Published since: 2024-12-11 , Earliest start: 2025-01-06 , Latest end: 2025-08-29

Organization Group Coletti

Hosts Ruth Daniel

Topics Engineering and Technology , Physics

CFD-based analysis of aerodynamic and thermal loads

Institute of Fluid Dynamics

CFD-based analysis of aerodynamic and thermal loads on the surface of space launcher and design of methodology suitable to predict CFD loads.

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Semester Project

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Published since: 2024-12-09

Applications limited to ETH Zurich

Organization Institute of Fluid Dynamics

Hosts Meyer-Massetti Daniel Werner

Topics Engineering and Technology

Development of an acoustic trapping device for microbubbles and droplets

Group Supponen

This project focuses on developing an acoustic trapping device to control micrometric bubbles, droplets and particles in suspension and subsequently on using their precise positioning to investigate bubble dynamics in ultrasound fields.

Keywords

bubbles, droplets, particles, acoustic trapping

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Semester Project , Bachelor Thesis

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Published since: 2024-12-09 , Earliest start: 2025-02-01 , Latest end: 2025-06-30

Applications limited to ETH Zurich

Organization Group Supponen

Hosts Bauer Tobias

Topics Engineering and Technology

Implementation of a structural constraint in aerodynamic optimizations of wings

Institute of Fluid Dynamics

Whereas optimizing a wing for minimum drag in given operating conditions is relatively easy, the assessment of the effects of the geometry modiﬁcations in extreme conditions (gust response) is essential. In practice, the aeroelastic response of a wing shall be implemented (low order is acceptable) and the physics associated with gust response shall be characterized.

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Semester Project , Master Thesis

Description

CFD-based optimization is increasingly appealing to both industry and academia as computational resources become more widely available and algorithms more effective. The software suite MACH-Aero, developed by the MDOlab (University of Michigan, led by Prof. Martins), provides an excellent starting point for CFD-based aerodynamic optimization. Steady-state CFD solutions are generated using the Adﬂow solver, which also calculates sensitivities to the geometric design variables through adjoint and automatic differentiation methods. Optimization is driven by efficient algorithms such as SNOPT, which uses an approximated Hessian. For example, the optimization of an airfoil (e.g., drag minimization) can typically be completed on a desktop or laptop computer within minutes. The optimization of a full wing may take several hours. However, real-world optimizations are subject to numerous constraints, primarily dictated by manufacturing and structural requirements, including minimum thickness, trailing edge height, leading edge radius, fuel volume, compatibility with control surfaces and ﬂaps, and stall behavior (also proposed as a research topic). Among the structural requirements, the dynamic response to realistic disturbances (wind gusts) is perhaps the most critical one; in practice, we would like to avoid that the optimization makes the wing too aerodynamically performing (especially at the tips) as this would results in (too) strong bending moments when the wing is hit by gusts. The implementation of an ad-hoc constraint requires the choice of a structural (FEM, Ritz-Rayleigh, etc) and the unsteady aerodynamic model (e.g. strip theory, vortex lattice method, doublet lattice method etc), the calculation of the dynamic response and the deﬁnition of a metric to quantify the goodness / badness (e.g. max bending moment, max displacement etc). The work can be split in the following steps: - Analysis of the existing literature, - Analysis of the approaches already developed and implemented, - Formulation of alternative criteria, either different to the ones proposed, or only tuned differently, - Familiarization with the optimization software developed by the MDOlab (MACHaero can be installed via docker), - Execution of one or two optimization runs.

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Published since: 2024-12-09

Applications limited to ETH Zurich

Organization Institute of Fluid Dynamics

Hosts Meyer-Massetti Daniel Werner

Topics Engineering and Technology

Analysis of geometry gaps in space launchers

Institute of Fluid Dynamics

CFD-based analysis of the detrimental effects of tangential gaps on the ﬂow around space launchers.

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Semester Project

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Published since: 2024-12-09

Applications limited to ETH Zurich

Organization Institute of Fluid Dynamics

Hosts Meyer-Massetti Daniel Werner

Topics Engineering and Technology

Exploring interfacial dynamics in microgravity

Group Supponen

This project will review different experiments involving bubble dynamics in microgravity and explore new topics where microgravity experiments can teach about the physics of dynamic gas-liquid or liquid-liquid interfaces.

Keywords

microgravity, interfaces, bubbles

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Semester Project , Bachelor Thesis

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Published since: 2024-12-05 , Earliest start: 2025-02-01 , Latest end: 2025-06-30

Applications limited to ETH Zurich

Organization Group Supponen

Hosts Supponen Outi

Topics Engineering and Technology

Implementation of a stall constraint in aerodynamic optimizations of wings

Institute of Fluid Dynamics

Whereas optimizing a wing for minimum drag in given operating conditions is relatively easy, constraining its behaviour at higher angle of attack is a non-trivial issue. However, this condition is essential as abrupt stall is non desirable and an early loss of control of the wing tips even worse. Some approaches sould be investigated.

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Semester Project

Description

CFD-based optimization is increasingly appealing to both industry and academia as computational resources become more widely available and algorithms more eEective. The software suite MACH-Aero, developed by the MDOlab (University of Michigan, led by Prof. Martins), provides an excellent starting point for CFD-based aerodynamic optimization. Steady-state CFD solutions are generated using the Adflow solver, which also calculates sensitivities to the geometric design variables through adjoint and automatic diEerentiation methods. Optimization is driven by eEicient algorithms such as SNOPT, which uses an approximated Hessian. For example, the optimization of an airfoil (e.g., drag minimization) can typically be completed on a desktop or laptop computer within minutes. The optimization of a full wing may take several hours. However, real-world optimizations are subject to numerous constraints, primarily dictated by manufacturing and structural requirements, including minimum thickness, trailing edge height, leading edge radius, fuel volume, compatibility with control surfaces and flaps, and stall behavior. Stall behavior, in particular, poses a significant challenge for implementation, as the condition of "stall" can be defined in various ways (e.g., reaching or approaching maximum Cl, declining lift-curve slope, separated flow, etc.), but no single definition leads to a constraint suitable to reliably ensure gradual stall onset, which is typically desirable. Furthermore, stall should ideally begin at the wing root, allowing ailerons (usually located near the wing tips) to remain eEective during the initial stages of stall. The work can be split in the following steps: - Analysis of the existing literature, - Analysis of the approaches already developed and implemented, - Formulation of alternative criteria, either diEerent to the ones proposed, or only tuned diEerently, - Familiarization with the optimization software developed by the MDOlab (MACHaero can be installed via docker), - Execution of one or two optimization runs.

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Published since: 2024-11-29

Applications limited to ETH Zurich

Organization Institute of Fluid Dynamics

Hosts Meyer-Massetti Daniel Werner

Topics Engineering and Technology

Bi-Dispersed Heavy Particles in Air Turbulence

Group Coletti

From precipitation in clouds to microplastic sedimentation in the ocean, particles of various sizes interact with turbulent flows in both natural and industrial environments. In the atmosphere, turbulence is believed to play a crucial role in the collision of different-sized water droplets, a key mechanism for rain initiation in warm clouds. A simpler yet important approach to studying these interactions is to focus on suspensions with two particle sizes but the same density. In this project, we aim to experimentally investigate the dynamics of bi-dispersed particles in air turbulence, a fundamental setup for understanding how different groups of particles behave and interact with turbulence in a controlled laboratory environment. The student will track particles settling in turbulent air using a 3D multi-camera system and reconstruct their trajectories with 3D tracking techniques. The acquired data will be used to better understand how turbulence affects the behaviour of the two-particle populations simultaneously.

Keywords

Turbulence, rain, settling

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Semester Project , Bachelor Thesis , Master Thesis

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Published since: 2024-11-26 , Earliest start: 2025-02-17 , Latest end: 2025-08-17

Applications limited to ETH Zurich , EPFL - Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , Eawag , Empa , Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research , University of Zurich

Organization Group Coletti

Hosts Gambino Alessandro

Topics Engineering and Technology , Physics

Volumetric Imaging of Natural Snowfall Formations in the Field

Group Coletti

The interaction between natural snowfalls and atmospheric wind conditions can lead to complex snow clustering dynamics mediated by turbulence. For example, the formations of columnar structures and kinematic waves such as those present in particle-laden flows. How do such complex systems composed of millions of snowflakes lead to structure in the presence of a large variety of atmospheric turbulence conditions? Which kind of structures form depending on the snow mass loading, the type of frozen hydrometeor, and the atmospheric turbulence intensity levels? Building on a previous project that performed planar imaging, this project will focus on performing volumetric field imaging. Measurements will be performed at a professional field site in Davos where a holography setup will collocate snowflake characterization. To process the imaging data the student will join forces at the DLR in Göttingen and track snowflakes using state-of-the-art ‘Shake-the-Box’ Lagrangian particle tracking methodology.

Keywords

Snowfall, Three-dimensional Tracking, UAVs, Field Experiments

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Master Thesis , ETH Zurich (ETHZ)

Description

To perform outdoor volumetric imaging the student will be using a newly developed three-dimensional field imaging setup at the Institute of Fluid Dynamics. This setup includes 16 high-resolution cameras distributed over multiple camera arrays that can be deployed in ice-fishing tents. The student will also co-locate this system with a dedicated holography setup for snow characterization, and pair it with meteorological data. This will define unique data sets from field imaging to characterize snow clustering in turbulence. In the first stage of the research, the student will configure the illumination to a super large volume of over tens of meters. This will include reconfiguring an existing illumination setup based on stadium illumination panels to create a wall of light. The student will need to explore the limitations and assess the scalability of the system. Furthermore, the student will also explore avenues for pulsing the current illumination system in a first discussion with the DLR in Göttingen. In the second stage, the student will be deploying the imaging setup at the Weissfluhjoch meteorological measurement station of the SLF in Davos. Here the student will refine a camera alignment procedure using pre-installed reference points for volumetric imaging, and fly a customized drone that carries a volumetric calibration target over a pre-programmed flight path. The student will need to validate this calibration approach against a reference dataset that was created indoors using a planar object. In the final stage of the research, the student will stay at the DLR in Göttingen to process the tracking data using the ‘Shake-the-Box’ tracking algorithm. The student will perform several assessments of the tracking performance and accuracy in relation to the camera calibration and systems design. The student will also perform the first data analysis and perform a Voronoi analysis to identify snow clusters (and voids) over length scales not accessible before. The student will compare the data with previous two-dimensional imaging studies, and discuss its impact on understanding the three-dimensional nature of the snow-particle turbulence interaction.

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Published since: 2024-11-19 , Earliest start: 2025-01-06 , Latest end: 2025-09-12

Organization Group Coletti

Hosts Muller Koen

Topics Mathematical Sciences , Engineering and Technology , Earth Sciences , Physics

Imaging Snowflakes in Freefall using a Novel Hovering Microscopy System

Group Coletti

Understanding the relation between the complex morphology of snowflakes and their fall behavior is crucial in understanding the dynamics of natural snowfalls; with numerous applications in atmospheric and climate sciences, weather forecasting, sports, recreation, building construction, etc. To elucidate the fall behavior of snowflakes this project aims to perform imaging of snowflakes using a novel drone-based microscopy platform. This newly developed platform is capable of capturing high-resolution imagery of snowflakes in freefall, meanwhile monitoring the ambient flow conditions. The objective is to perform multiple data campaigns for different atmospheric conditions and bring new understanding to the snowflakes' most turbulent end-of-life time at descent through the atmospheric surface layer.

Keywords

UAVs, Snowfall, Microscopy, Imaging, Field Experiments

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Semester Project , Internship , Bachelor Thesis , Master Thesis , ETH Zurich (ETHZ)

Description

The student work will pick up from a previous project at the Institute of Fluid Dynamics that developed a novel drone-based microscopy platform. The platform includes a commercial-type DJI Matrice drone mounted with a long-range microscope and pulsed illumination system to capture high-resolution snowflake images in freefall at a distance. The current work will focus on applying the system in the field. The goal is to harvest outdoor imaging data to perform snowflake characterization during the 2025 winter months. At the start of the research, the student will familiarize with the onboard flight and imaging systems. The student will implement automated snowflake acceptance and rejection routines from a previous project to improve online data streaming and collection. The student will also perform a hardware integration of onboard temperature, humidity, and flow sensors, allowing to append metadata of the ambient flow conditions. There will also be room for flow characterization of the imaging volume, as far as time permits. In the second stage of the research, the student will deploy the imaging system in flight. Flight testing and practice sessions will be conducted in Zurich, while the data collection will be performed at a professional measurement site in Davos. The measurement campaigns will build up a large snowflake data set that can be cross-validated with on-site meteorological towers and compared to previous drone measurements using a commercial solution. In the final stage, the acquired data will be analyzed. The student will need to extract and interpret statistical distributions of aspect ratio, orientation angle, and snowflake complexity. Furthermore, the student will need to compare these analyses against the temperature, humidity, and turbulence kinetic energy. This will allow a full statistical characterization of the snowflake morphological variety and freefall behavior. The student will need to map these data against the height of the air column and compare them against the existing literature.

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Published since: 2024-11-19 , Earliest start: 2025-01-06 , Latest end: 2025-09-12

Organization Group Coletti

Hosts Muller Koen

Topics Mathematical Sciences , Engineering and Technology , Earth Sciences , Physics

Applying optical flow methods for tracking water surface cur- rents by infrared imaging

Group Coletti

This study aims for the development and testing of an optical flow code to track water surface currents based on patterns from infrared images. It combines a laboratory experiment in an exciting setup using state of the art equipment, with the challenging task to develop the code to analyze the data. ### See attached pdf document for full application text ###

Keywords

fluid dynamics, turbulence, image analyses, optical flow, code development, particle tracking velocimetry, infrared imaging

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Semester Project , Internship , Master Thesis , Focus Project (ETHZ)

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Published since: 2024-11-18 , Earliest start: 2025-01-01 , Latest end: 2026-01-01

Organization Group Coletti

Hosts Bullee Pim

Topics Information, Computing and Communication Sciences , Engineering and Technology , Earth Sciences , Physics

Measurements of gas transfer rate, waves, and turbulence flow under various conditions.

Group Coletti

The rate at which CO2 is absorbed by oceans and other open waters is highly dependent on the interactions between wind, waves, and the water flow. In this experimental study we will measure all the parameters involved in this complex gas-transfer system. ### See attached pdf document for full application text ###

Keywords

fluid dynamics, turbulence, waves, experiments

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Semester Project , Internship , Master Thesis

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Published since: 2024-11-18 , Earliest start: 2025-01-01 , Latest end: 2026-01-01

Organization Group Coletti

Hosts Bullee Pim

Topics Engineering and Technology , Earth Sciences , Physics